Determination of ABO Blood Grouping from Dentin and Pulp from Freshly Extracted Teeth and Teeth Stored in Sea Water Using Absorption Elution and Absorption Inhibition Method

Introduction: Forensic Odontology plays a role in discerning a deceased individual in any disaster condition. In highly necrotised bodies, ABO blood group antigens can be found from teeth. Aim: We studied ABO blood grouping from dentin and pulp in freshly extracted teeth and also from the teeth stored in sea water. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 samples were selected & divided into 3 groups with 20 samples each. Group I analyzed within period of a week without any storage medium, group II, III were analyzed after 1 and 2 month of storage in sea water. Results: Statistical analysis was done using chi square test. By Absorption –Elution, pulp in group I, II, III, gave 90%,75%,75% of positivity. In dentin, Group I, II, III showed 55%, 45%, 20% of positivity. By Absorption -Inhibition method pulp in group I, II, III showed 45%, 20%, 0% of positivity. In dentin, group I, II, III showed 20%,5%,5% of positivity. Conclusion: This study concluded that pulp is most reliable than dentin even in sea water storage and absorption elution is most effective method in blood group identification in teeth than absorption inhibition method. ==================================== Introduction: Oral cancer (OC) is associated with various risk factors and high mortality rates, and contributes significantly to the worldwide cancer burden. Objectives: To assess and evaluate patients’ current knowledge, awareness, and behavior regarding OC risk in a cancer trust hospital. Materials and Methods: The study involved 600 patients who attended cancer trust hospital, East Godavari district, from September 2021 to October 2021. A self- administered questionnaire of 20-questions was given to each patient that included socio-demographic and disease-specific information and their answers evaluated. Results: The data was examined using descriptive statistics, and the connection between the variables, education, family income, and other factors was assessed using a chi-square test (with a 5% significance threshold). The results were analysed with reference to their implications for interventions aimed at patient’s awareness for oral cancer symptoms. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, people lacked information and awareness about identified risk factors for oral cancer. Knowledge of maintaining a healthy lifestyle that eliminates the consumption of established oral cancer risk factors was low. At the community and individual levels, health education linked to primary prevention of oral cancer must be improved.

Parenteral nutrition: the prison that allows survival in the face of intestinal failure

Objective: Intestinal failure refers to a reduction in intestinal function that necessitates intravenous supplementation of macronutrients, water, or electrolytes due to the intestine's inability to absorb these substances adequately to maintain health and growth. This study aims to explore the experiences and challenges faced by patients enrolled in the intestinal rehabilitation program at Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe in Medellín. Methodology: This qualitative study adopts a hermeneutic approach and utilizes grounded theory techniques. The sampling process involved both selective and theoretical sampling. A total of 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted, with eight interviews including contributions from family members. The data analysis commenced with open coding, followed by the grouping of codes into descriptive categories. Dimensions and properties were identified within these categories, and analytical categories were subsequently developed through axial and selective coding. This iterative process led to the emergence of the final paradigm matrix. Results: The study revealed that the healthcare system inadequately addresses the needs and expectations of patients with intestinal failure, leading to increased uncertainty about the disease's origin and future prognosis. Intestinal failure and its treatment disrupt various aspects of patients' lives, including personal, family, and work domains. Social stigmatization and rejection are prominent, underscoring the importance of support from family and close individuals in facilitating adaptation and revaluing life. Conclusions: Coping with the challenges of intestinal failure entails embracing the necessity of relying on parenteral nutrition, which is perceived as a prison that paradoxically enables survival.

Objetivo: la insuficiencia intestinal es la reducción de la función intestinal que requiere la suplementación intravenosa de macronutrientes, agua o electrolitos, pues el intestino no logra la absorción mínima para mantener la salud y el crecimiento. El objetivo es comprender el significado que tiene afrontar la condición de insuficiencia intestinal en pacientes que pertenecen al programa de rehabilitación intestinal del Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe de Medellín. Metodología: estudio cualitativo con enfoque hermenéutico que utilizó técnicas de la teoría fundamentada. El muestreo fue primero selectivo y luego teórico. Se realizó un total de 20 entrevistas semiestructuradas; 8 de las cuales tuvieron el aporte de familiares. El análisis inició por la codificación abierta. Los códigos obtenidos se agruparon en categorías descriptivas, y en ellas se identificaron dimensiones y propiedades que se utilizaron para elaborar categorías analíticas mediante la codificación axial y selectiva que permitió emerger la matriz del paradigma final. Resultados: las necesidades y expectativas de los pacientes con insuficiencia intestinal no son suficientemente atendidas por el sistema de salud, lo que genera mayor incertidumbre sobre el origen de la enfermedad y aún más sobre su futuro. La insuficiencia intestinal y su tratamiento trastornan la vida personal, familiar y laboral. El rechazo social es marcado, por lo que el apoyo familiar y de las personas cercanas es fundamental para lograr la adaptación que les permite revalorar la vida. Conclusiones: afrontar la condición de insuficiencia intestinal representa la experiencia de requerir necesariamente de nutrición parenteral, la cual se percibe como una prisión que paradójicamente permite sobrevivir.

Incidência e eventos adversos da hipodermóclise no idoso em cuidados paliativos / Incidencia y eventos adversos de hipodermoclisis en ancianos en cuidados paliativos / Incidence and adverse events of hypodermoclysis in the elderly in palliative care

Objetivo: estimar a incidência, tempo de ocorrência de eventos adversos e tempo de permanência da hipodermóclise no idoso Método: Pesquisa realizada com 127 idosos em cuidados paliativos. A avaliação da hipodermóclise foi realizada a cada 24 horas até a ocorrência do evento. Realizou-se análise descritiva, calculando as proporções e a taxa de incidência por 100 punções/pacientes. Resultados: A taxa de incidência dos eventos adversos foi de 22,8% para a hipodermóclise e 27% para os indivíduos em uso de hipodermóclise. O cateter permaneceu em média quatro dias, sendo no mínimo um dia e no máximo 15 dias; a chance de eventos adversos no primeiro dia foi de 6%, de 28% no quinto dia e 48% no décimo. Conclusão: Incidência de eventos adversos foi pequena e localizada; tempo médio da permanência do cateter no local de inserção foi de quatro dias e as probabilidades de apresentar complicações aumentaram no decorrer dos dias.

Objective: to estimate the incidence, time of occurrence of adverse events and time of permanence of hypodermoclysis in the elderly. Method: Research carried out with 127 elderly people in Palliative Care. Assessment of hypodermoclysis was performed every 24 hours until the event occurred. Descriptive analysis was performed, proportions and incidence rate were calculated per 100 punctures/patients. Results: The incidence rate of adverse events was 22.8% for hypodermoclysis and 27% for individuals using hypodermoclysis. The catheter remained for an average of 4 days, with a minimum of 1 day and a maximum of 15 days; the chance of adverse events on the 1st day was 6%, 28% on the 5th day and 48% on the 10th. Conclusion: The incidence of adverse events was small and localized; mean time of catheter permanence at the insertion site was 4 days and the probability of presenting complications increased over the days.

Objetivo: estimar la incidencia, tiempo de ocurrencia de eventos adversos y tiempo de permanencia de la hipodermoclisis en ancianos Método: Investigación realizada con 127 ancianos en Cuidados Paliativos. La evaluaciónde la hipodermoclisis se realizó cada 24 horas hasta que ocurrió el evento. Se realizó análisis descriptivo, se calcularon proporciones y tasa de incidencia por 100 punciones/pacientes. Resultados: La tasa de incidencia de eventos adversos fue del 22,8 % para la hipodermoclisis y del 27 % para los individuos que usaban la hipodermoclisis. El catéter permaneció en promedio 4 días, con un mínimo de 1 día y un máximo de 15 días; la probabilidad de eventos adversos el primer día fue del 6 %, del 28 % el quinto día y del 48 % el décimo. Conclusión: La incidencia de eventos adversos fue pequeña y localizada; el tiempo medio de permanencia del catéter en el sitio de inserción fue de 4 días y la probabilidad de presentar complicaciones aumentó con el transcurso de los días.

Características principales del biocarbón derivado de restos de Theobroma cacao L. para su uso en suelos agrícolas

La incorporación de biocarbono para mejorar los suelos agrícolas está ganando popularidad, pero hay poca información sobre las propiedades del biocarbono derivado de los restos de la cosecha de cacao. En la investigación se determinaron varias características del biocarbono obtenido del proceso de pirólisis de la cáscara de las mazorcas de cacao. Los análisis realizados fueron: porcentajes de fibra lignocelulósica, análisis proximal, estructura microscópica y grupos funcionales. También se realizó con el biocarbón un ensayo de adsorción con Cd+2 mediante un sistema de recirculación con agua, con el fin de obtener las isotermas de Lang-muir y Freundlich (modelos matemáticos de adsorción de moléculas en superficies sólidas). Los contenidos fibrosos abarcaban 56,2% celulosa, 27,07% lignina y 3,15% hemicelulosa. Con 8,15% de humedad y pH 9,86 se obtuvo un promedio de 35,58% de biocarbón. La forma de los poros fue irregular, se confirmó la presencia de los grupos hidroxilo, carboxilo y carbonato. Los modelos de absorción indicaron una capacidad de adsorción máxima de 0,280 mL/g en Langmuir y una intensidad de absorción de Cd+2 de 0,06 en Freundlich. Si bien el biocarbón demostró propiedades adecuadas para suelos ácidos, su capacidad de adsorción resultó limitada en las condiciones evaluadas.

Using biochar to enhance agricultural soils is becoming more popular, but not much is known about the qualities of biochar made from cocoa crop leftovers. The study identified several traits of biochar created from cocoa pod husks through the pyrolysis method. The examination included the following evaluations: levels of lignocellulosic fibre, proximal analysis, microscopic structure, and functional groups. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were evaluated through an aqueous recirculation Cd2+ adsorption assay. The fibrous contents consisted of 56.2% cellulose, 27.07% lignin, and 3.15% hemicellulose. At a moisture content of 8.15% and a pH of 9.86, 35.58% biochar was produced. The pores were not uniform in shape and contained hydroxyl, carboxyl and carbonate groups as identified. According to the isotherms, the Cd2+ that can be adsorbed is 0.280 mL/g at Langmuir, and the Cd2+ adsorption intensity is 0.06 at Freundlich. Even though the biochar had desirable properties for acidic soils, its ability to adsorb was restricted under the tested conditions.

O uso crescente do biocarvão em solos agrícolas justifica uma investigação mais aprofundada de suas propriedades menos conhecidas. Esta pesquisa concentrou-se no biocarvão produzido a partir de resíduos da colheita do cacau e teve como objetivo identificar seus atributos por meio da pirólise da casca da vagem do cacau. As análises realizadas incluíram fibra lignocelulósica, análise proximal, estrutura microscópica e grupos funcionais. As isotermas de Langmuir e Freundlich foram avaliadas por meio de um ensaio de adsorção de Cd2+ em recirculação aquosa. O conteúdo fibroso consistia em 56,2% de celulose, 27,07% de lignina e 3,15% de hemicelulose. Com um teor de umidade de 8,15% e um pH de 9,86, foram produzidos 35,58% de biochar. A estrutura porosa era irregular, indicando a presença de grupos hidroxila, carboxi-la e carbonato. As isotermas mostraram que o modelo de Langmuir tem uma capacidade máxima de adsorção (qmax) de 0,280 mL/g e uma intensidade de ad-sorção de Freundlich de 0,06 para Cd2+. Embora o biochar tenha demonstrado propriedades adequadas para uso agrícola, sua capacidade de adsorção foi limitada nas condições avaliadas.

Nuevas estrategias terapéuticas para tratar la hiperfosfatemia en la IRC: foco en la absorción intestinal / New therapeutic strategies to treat hyperphosphatemia in CRF: focus on intestinal absorption

RESUMEN El manejo de la hiperfosfatemia de los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica en diálisis permanece como un desafío. A pesar de utilizar un enfoque multifacético que incluye la restricción dietética, la remoción de fósforo por la diálisis y el uso de quelantes de fósforo, esta estrategia múltiple no logra reducir los niveles de fósforo en más de 2 mg/dl. El control de fósforo de los pacientes en diálisis es fundamental en razón de la relación monotónica entre los niveles séricos de fosfato y el incremento del riesgo cardiovascular. Por lo tanto, hay una necesidad de explorar nuevas estrategias para reducir los niveles séricos de fosfato a niveles normales. Recientes avances en nuestra compresión de los mecanismos que subyacen a la homeostasis del fósforo sugieren que el transporte gastrointestinal del fósforo podría ser un objetivo. Recientemente se han desarrollado inhibidores de los cotransportadores sodio fosfato del intestino y se ha revalorizado el uso de la nicotinamida, en su formulación de liberación prolongada, que también actuaria por ese mecanismo. También se han drogas como el tenapanor, que inhibiendo el intercambiador sodio/hidrogeno isoforma 3 del enterocito, disminuyen la absorción paracelular de fósforo.

ABSTRACT Management of hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic renal failure on dialysis remains challenging. Despite using a multifaceted approach that includes dietary restriction, phosphorus removal by dialysis, and phosphate binders, these multiple strategies fail to reduce phosphorus levels by more than 2 mg/dL. Phosphorus control in dialysis patients is essential due to the monotonic relationship between serum phosphate levels and increased cardiovascular risk. Therefore, there is a need to explore new strategies to reduce serum phosphate levels to normal levels. Recent advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying phosphorus homeostasis suggest that the gastrointestinal transport of phosphorus could be a target. Inhibitors of intestinal sodium phosphate cotransporters recently developed, and using of nicotinamide, in its prolonged release formulation, which would also act by this mechanism, has been revalued. There have also been drugs such as tenapanor, which, by inhibiting the isoform three sodium/hydrogen exchanger of the enterocyte, decreases the paracellular absorption of phosphorus.

Prediction of human intestinal absorption properties based on artificial intelligence / 中国药科大学学报

@#Human intestinal absorption (HIA) is a crucial indicator for measuring the oral bioavailability of drugs.This study aims to use artificial intelligence methods to predict and evaluate the HIA of drugs in the early stages of drug discovery, thus accelerating the drug discovery process and reducing costs.This study used MOE''s 2D, 3D descriptors, and ECFP4 (extended connectivity fingerprints) to characterize the molecules and established eight models, including support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and deep neural network (DNN).The results showed that the SVM model constructed using a combination of 2D, 3D descriptors and ECFP4 fingerprints was the optimal model according to comprehensive evaluation of various evaluation indicators.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), Matthews correlation coefficient, and Kappa coefficient of the optimal model were 0.94, 0.75, and 0.74, respectively.In conclusion, this study established a robust and generalizable machine learning model for predicting HIA properties, which can provide guidance for early molecular screening and the study of pharmacokinetic properties of drugs.

NKD1 promotes glucose uptake in colon cancer cells by activating YWHAE transcription / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#Bo investigate the regulatory relationship between NKD1 and YWHAE and the mechanism of NKD1 for promoting tumor cell proliferation.@*METHODS@#HCT116 cells transfected with pcDNA3.0-NKD1 plasmid, SW620 cells transfected with NKD1 siRNA, HCT116 cells with stable NKD1 overexpression (HCT116-NKD1 cells), SW620 cells with nkd1knockout (SW620-nkd1-/- cells), and SW620-nkd1-/- cells transfected with pcDNA3.0-YWHAE plasmid were examined for changes in mRNA and protein expression levels of YWHAE using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was used to detect the binding of NKD1 to the promoter region of YWHAE gene. The regulatory effect of NKD1 on YWHAE gene promoter activity was analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, and the interaction between NKD1 and YWHAE was analyzed with immunofluorescence assay. The regulatory effect of NKD1 on glucose uptake was examined in the tumor cells.@*RESULTS@#In HCT116 cells, overexpression of NKD1 significantly enhanced the expression of YWHAE at both the mRNA and protein levels, while NKD1 knockout decreased its expression in SW620 cells (P < 0.001). ChIP assay showed that NKD1 protein was capable of binding to the YWHAE promoter sequence; dual luciferase reporter gene assay showed that NKD1 overexpression (or knockdown) in the colon cancer cells significantly enhanced (or reduced) the transcriptional activity of YWHAE promoter (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence assay demonstrated the binding of NKD1 and YWHAE proteins in colon cancer cells. NKD1 knockout significantly reduced glucose uptake in colon cancer cells (P < 0.01), while YWHAE overexpression restored the glucose uptake in NKD1-knockout cells (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#NKD1 protein activates the transcriptional activity of YWHAE gene to promote glucose uptake in colon cancer cells.

Analysis of noise reduction measures in a noise workshop handover control room / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the sound insulation, sound absorption and other noise reduction transformation methods in a noise workshop handover control room. Methods: In December 2021, through the occupational health investigation and on-site testing of the handover control room of a noise workshop, the causes of excessive noise were analyzed, and the transformation design scheme to reduce noise was proposed and the effect was analyzed. Results: Before the transformation, the peak frequency band noise intensity of the noise workshop handover control room was 112.8 dB (A), and the peak frequency was 1000 Hz. After noise reduction, the theoretical calculated control value was 61.0 dB (A), and the measured noise intensity was 59.8 dB (A) . Conclusion: The noise intensity of the handover control room is reduced after noise reduction, which is in line with the contact limit requirements of the control room in GBZ 1-2010 "Hygienic Standards for the Design of Industrial Enterprises", and has reference significance for noise control engineering.

Arsenic speciation and valence / 中国中药杂志

As arsenic widely exists in nature and has been used in the pharmaceutical preparations, the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) with arsenic include realgar(As_2S_2 or As_4S_4), orpiment(As_2S_3), and white arsenic(As_2O_3). Among the above representative medicine, the TCM compound formulas with realgar are utilized extensively. Just in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition), there are 37 Chinese patent medicines including realgar. The traditional element analysis focuses on the detection of the total amount of elements, which neglects the study on the speciation and valence of elements. The activity, toxicity, bioavailability, and metabolic pathways of arsenic in vivo are closely related to the existence of its form, and different forms of arsenic have different effects on organisms. Therefore, the study on the speciation and valence of arsenic is of great importance for arsenic-containing TCMs and their compound formulas. This paper reviewed four aspects of the speciation and valence of arsenic, including property, absorption and metabolism, toxicity, and analytical assay.

Effects of hypoxia on the expression and function of P-gp in Caco-2 cells / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Hypoxia can alter the oral bioavailability of drugs, including various substrates (drugs) of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), suggesting that hypoxia may affect the function of P-gp in intestinal epithelial cells. Currently, Caco-2 monolayer model is the classic model for studying the function of intestinal epithelial P-gp. This study combines the Caco-2 monolayer model with hypoxia to investigate the effects of hypoxia on the expression and function of P-gp in Caco-2 cells, which helps to elucidate the mechanism of changes in drug transport on intestinal epithelial cells in high-altitude hypoxia environment.@*METHODS@#Normally cultured Caco-2 cells were cultured in 1% oxygen concentration for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. After the extraction of the membrane proteins, the levels of P-gp were measured by Western blotting. The hypoxia time, with the most significant change of P-gp expression, was selected as the subsequent study condition. After culturing Caco-2 cells in transwell cells for 21 days and establishing a Caco-2 monolayer model, they were divided into a normoxic control group and a hypoxic group. The normoxic control group was continuously cultured in normal condition for 72 h, while the hypoxic group was incubated for 72 h in 1% oxygen concentration. The integrity and polarability of Caco-2 cells monolayer were evaluated by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), apparent permeability (Papp) of lucifer yellow, the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and microvilli morphology and tight junction structure under transmission electron microscope. Then, the Papp of rhodamine 123 (Rh123), a kind of P-gp specific substrate, was detected and the efflux rate was calculated. The Caco-2 cell monolayer, culturing at plastic flasks, was incubated for 72 h in 1% oxygen concentration, the expression level of P-gp was detected.@*RESULTS@#P-gp was decreased in Caco-2 cells with 1% oxygen concentration, especially the duration of 72 h (P<0.01). In hypoxic group, the TEER of monolayer was more than 400 Ω·cm2, the Papp of lucifer yellow was less than 5×10-7 cm/s, and the ratio of AKP activity between apical side and basal side was greater than 3. The establishment of Caco-2 monolayer model was successful, and hypoxia treatment did not affect the integrity and polarization state of the model. Compared with the normoxic control group, the efflux rate of Rh123 was significantly reduced in Caco-2 cell monolayer of the hypoxic group (P<0.01). Hypoxia reduced the expression of P-gp in Caco-2 cell monolayer (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Hypoxia inhibits P-gp function in Caco-2 cells, which may be related to the decreased P-gp level.

Factors affecting nasal drug delivery and design strategies for intranasal drug delivery / 浙江大学学报·医学版

Intranasal drug delivery system is a non-invasive drug delivery route with the advantages of no first-pass effect, rapid effect and brain targeting. It is a feasible alternative to drug delivery via injection, and a potential drug delivery route for the central nervous system. However, the nasal physiological environment is complex, and the nasal delivery system requires "integration of medicine and device". Its delivery efficiency is affected by many factors such as the features and formulations of drug, delivery devices and nasal cavity physiology. Some strategies have been designed to improve the solubility, stability, membrane permeability and nasal retention time of drugs. These include the use of prodrugs, adding enzyme inhibitors and absorption enhancers to preparations, and new drug carriers, which can eventually improve the efficiency of intranasal drug delivery. This article reviews recent publications and describes the above mentioned aspects and design strategies for nasal intranasal drug delivery systems to provide insights for the development of intranasal drug delivery systems.

Oral absorption and effect of macromolecules in traditional Chinese medicine: a new perspective and research mode of phase structure / 中国中药杂志

Protein polypeptides and polysaccharides, the indispensable macromolecular active components in traditional Chinese medicine, are widely found in Chinese medicine decoction after the decoction of traditional Chinese medicine. However, through oral administration, these macromolecules are digested by the stomach and intestine and thus fail to be absorbed in prototype. This is inconsistent with the actual clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine decoction. According to modern research, new phase structures and effects of the macromolecules emerge during the decoction of traditional Chinese medicine, but the phase change law caused by the interaction among the components of traditional Chinese medicine and the relationship between phase structure and effect are still unclear. Thus, this study reviewed the oral absorption of macromolecular components of traditional Chinese medicine, analyzed the internal relationship of the form of macromolecules in traditional Chinese medicine with the absorption and effect based on phase structure, and summarized the research mode of oral absorption and effect of macromolecules in traditional Chinese medicine with phase structures as the core, providing new ideas and methods for future research.

Evaluación de los puntos "A" como parámetro dosimétrico en braquiterapia ginecológica guiados por imágenes tridimensionales

Objetivos: se evaluó si la técnica de prescripción de dosis puntual, punto "A", es adecuada para la estimación de dosis en el volumen de tratamiento clínico por alta tasa de dosis (CTV-HR), usando la braquiterapia ginecológica 3D. Métodos: se recopiló planes de tratamiento para 35 pacientes con cáncer cervicouterino estadio IB2-IVA (140 fracciones o planes de tratamiento) tratados entre los años 2019 al 2021, cuya dosis prescrita fue de 28 Gy en 4 fracciones. Se reconstruyeron los puntos "A", se normalizó la dosis prescrita a la isodosis del 100% para comparar con las dosis en CTV-HR (D90%). Resultados: el promedio de la dosis absorbida al CTV- HR (D90%) fue de 88,82 ± 2,53 Gy y al normalizar la isodosis del 100% al punto "A", se obtuvo dosis promedio en CTV-HR (D90%) de 99,3±5,85Gy. Esta variación de dosis promedio al CTV-HR (D90%) representó un incremento del 18%, dando como resultado que un 80% de los tratamientos correspondiente a 28 pacientes queden fuera de la variación aceptable del protocolo EMBRACE II y solo un 20% de los tratamientos correspondientes a 7 pacientes se encuentren dentro del rango de la variación aceptable del protocolo en mención. Conclusiones: la técnica de prescripción de dosis al punto "A", se traduce clínicamente en una sobredosis del tejido tumoral y sano (recto, sigmoide, vejiga e intestino).

Objective: to assess whether the punctual dose prescription technique, point A, is adequate for dose estimation in CTV-HR using 3D gynecological brachytherapy. Methods: treatment plans were collected for 35 patients with stage IB2-IVA (140 fractions or treatment plans) cervical cancer treated between 2019 and 2021, whose prescribed dose was 28Gy in 4 fractions. Points A were reconstructed, the prescribed dose was normalized to 100% isodose to compare with the doses in CTV- HR(D90%). Results: the average dose absorbed at CTV-HR(D90%) was 88.82 ±2.53 Gy and when normalizing the isodose of 100% at point A, average dose at CTV-HR(D90%) was obtained. of 99.3±5.85Gy. This average dose variation to the CTV-HR(D90%) represented an increase of 18%, resulting in 80% of the treatments corresponding to 28 patients falling outside the acceptable variation of the EMBRACE II protocol and only 20% of the treatments corresponding to 7 patients are within the range of the acceptable variation of the protocol in question. Conclusions: the dose prescription technique at point A clinically translates into an overdose of tumor and healthy tissue (rectum, sigmoid, bladder and intestine).

Desenvolvimento de compostos de coordenação para aplicação foliar e elucidação do mecanismo de absorção / Development of coordination compounds for foliar application and elucidation of the absorption mechanism

O objetivo geral desse trabalho foi desenvolver compostos de coordenação com os metais cobre, manganês, zinco, cobalto, níquel e magnésio com os aminoácidos L- ácido aspártico e glutâmico para aplicação como fertilizantes foliares e elucidação de seus prováveis mecanismos de absorção pela planta. Como plano de trabalho, pretendeu-se produzir alguns complexos metálicos com agentes complexantes que confiram características específicas: alta estabilidade termodinâmica e cinética quando comparado a quelatos usados comercialmente dos mesmos metais; alta solubilidade; compatibilidade com herbicidas e fungicidas e alta estabilidade frente a variações de pH. Os compostos foram caracterizados no estado sólido e/ou em solução aquosa, através de técnicas disponíveis em nosso laboratório, na Central Analítica do IQ-USP e/ou nos laboratórios da ICL América do Sul Ind. e Com. SA. Com o desenvolvimento dos compostos de coordenação, foram avaliados alguns parâmetros considerados imprescindíveis para garantia da qualidade do produto gerado, que foram então comparados aos de quelatos de EDTA (ácido etilenodiaminotetraacético) comercializados atualmente e que demonstraram vantagens. Para avaliar a eficiência dos produtos gerados foi realizada aplicação foliar em ao menos uma cultura e verificado o teor de cada nutriente após período de absorção e resposta produtiva, evidenciando e determinando o mecanismo de absorção realizado pela planta. Como resultado, desenvolveu-se uma série de produtos com alta tecnologia agregada que trouxeram benefícios nutricionais, sustentando uma nutrição de qualidade além de serem ecologicamente favoráveis (eco-friendly portfolio)

This project aims the development of copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt, nickel and iron metal complexes with L-amino acids aspartic and glutamic acids for application as foliar fertilizers and elucidation of the probable incorporation/absorption mechanism by plants. As a work plan, it was intended to produce these metal complexes with complexing agents that provide specific characteristics: high thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities when compared to the corresponding EDTA chelates; high solubility; compatibility with herbicides and fungicides and high stability against pH variations. With the development of such coordination compounds, some parameters considered indispensable to quality assurance were then evaluated, in comparison to that of currently available commercial EDTA chelates. To evaluate the performance of the obtained compounds, two foliar applications in the same crop were carried out. Further, the content of each nutrient after the production period and the productive capacity were evaluated, aiming to elucidate the absorption mechanism of the plant. As a result, elaborated products with high added technology were obtained, capable of ameliorating the nutritional benefits, that can support an eco-friendly portfolio

The master role of polarized NIS expression in regulating iodine metabolism in the human body

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate how polarized sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expression may regulate iodide metabolism in vivo. Materials and methods: Polarized NIS expression was analyzed in tissues that accumulate iodide by the use of immunohistochemistry and polyclonal antibody against the C-terminal end of human NIS (hNIS). Results: Iodide absorption in the human intestine occurs via NIS expressed in the apical membrane. Iodide is secreted into the lumen of the stomach and salivary glands via NIS expressed in the basolateral membrane and then circulates back from the small intestine to the bloodstream via NIS expressed in the apical membrane. Conclusion: Polarized NIS expression in the human body regulates intestinal-bloodstream recirculation of iodide, perhaps prolonging the availability of iodide in the bloodstream. This leads to more efficient iodide trapping by the thyroid gland. Understanding the regulation and manipulating gastrointestinal iodide recirculation could increase radioiodine availability during theranostic NIS applications.

Study on the intestinal absorption characteristics of saikosaponins / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To explore the intestinal absorption characteristics of saikosaponins. METHODS Based on everted intestinal sac model， using accumulative absorption amount （Q） and absorption rate constant （Ka） as indexes， UHPLC-MS/MS technique as a method， the absorption of saikosaponin A， B2， C， D and F from total saponins of Bupleurum chinense （8 g/mL， by crude drug） in the duodenum， jejunum and ileum was detected. RESULTS The correlation coefficients （r） of the regression equations for the absorption of saikosaponins A， B2， C and F in the duodenum， jejunum and ileum were all higher than 0.95， while the r of saikosaponin D in the above intestinal segments was lower than 0.95； compared with the absorption of the same composition in the duodenum， the Q and Ka of saikosaponin A and C circulating in jejunum and ileum for 120 min， as well as the Q and Ka of saikosaponin F circulating in the ileum for 120 min were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Saikosaponin A and the other 4 saikosaponins are all absorbed in the duodenum， jejunum and ileum； among them， saikosaponin A， B2， C and F are linearly absorbed， which conforms to the zero-order absorption characteristics， but saikosaponin D shows non- linear absorption.

Application and evaluation of human antibodies in ABO grouping / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To evaluate the application of monoclonal typing reagents and human anti-A/B antibodies for absorption-elution test in ABO grouping. 【Methods】 The specificity of monoclonal typing reagents and human anti-A/B antibodies with standard A, B, O and AB phenotypes at 4 ℃, room temperature, and 37 ℃ were compared. Affinity was evaluated by the titer, agglutination time and agglutination intensity of the reaction with A1/B cells. 29 samples with ABO discrepancy were tested to evaluate the ability of monoclonal typing reagents and human anti-A/B antibodies to detect weak antigens in absorption-elution test. 【Results】 The specificity and affinity of human anti-A/B antibodies are low, and monoclonal typing reagents have cross reactivity. Human anti-A/B antibodies can detect most weak antigens in absorption-elution test with no cross reactivity. 【Conclusion】 In ABO grouping, the human anti A/B antibody binding absorption-elution test can serve as a supplement method for identifying ABO weak antigens. Accurate results can be obtained with reasonable reagents and corresponding methodology in serological tests,thus ensuring the safety of blood transfusion.

Evaluation of the heavy metals tolerant UV rays treated bacteria isolated from anthropogenic sites of Chambal region, India

Industrial waste is released into the environment and leads to various types of heavy metal, which are toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic in nature. Heavy metals are not biodegradable but accumulated by living organisms and cause diseases at even low concentrations. In this study, we selected four anthropogenic sites from Chambal region, isolated bacteria and investigated its heavy metal removal capability. The bacteria was isolated and identified as Escherichia coli (Ag-5), on the basis of biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequence. Among the five (cadmium, cobalt, lead, nickel and zinc) heavy metals studied, Ni2+ has been observed to be highly toxic with minimum inhibitory concentration score of 200 ppm. E. coli could tolerate Zn2+ (300 ppm), Cd2+ (400 ppm), Co2+ (400 ppm) and Pb+2 (500 ppm). Heavy metal tolerance capability was also evaluated by UV rays treated E. coli (Ag-5) isolate and compared with wild strain Ag-5. The result indicated that the tolerance capability was enhanced by UV rays treated bacterial isolate as compared to wild strain with respect to all tested heavy metals. Atomic absorption spectroscopy results revealed that wild strain removed 78.2% cadmium nitrate, while UV rays 30 and 60 s. exposed strain removed 85.9 and 83% cadmium nitrate. Wild strain removed 64.4% nickel chloride, while UV rays 30 and 60 s exposed strain removed 66.9 and 74.5% nickel chloride. The results indicate that indigenous E. coli treated with UV rays could serve as heavy metal tolerant bacteria and utilized in bioremediation processes.

Efecto analgésico de la ketamina intranasal en el tratamiento del dolor crónico oncológico

RESUMEN Fundamento: el dolor por cáncer sigue siendo difícil de tratar, especialmente cuando el paciente es resistente a los opioides. Cada vez más se buscan alternativas para contrarrestar y mejorar los síntomas provocados por la enfermedad. Uno de ellos es la ketamina, que actúa como antagonista de los receptores de N-metil-daspartato que se asocian como respuesta al dolor. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de la respuesta analgésica al dolor oncológico con la administración intranasal de ketamina como adyuvante en el tratamiento farmacológico. Métodos: investigación realizada en una clínica del dolor de Ecuador. Se realizó un estudio de cohorte con placebo, aleatorizado, a doble ciego. Se incluyeron 142 participantes. Se administraron dos tratamientos: ketamina y placebo intranasal, los cuales se usaron en combinación con morfina. Los participantes recibieron evaluaciones periódicas según la escala visual analógica del dolor, durante tres días consecutivos. Resultados: la edad media fue de 69,11 ± 9,77 años. El carcinoma que se presentó con mayor frecuencia fue el tumor de cabeza pancreático (44,37 %). Hubo diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos administrados, los aspectos clínicos y el dolor (p <0,05). Los pacientes que fueron tratados con ketamina tuvieron un efecto analgésico más relevante que los pacientes que recibieron el placebo. El principal efecto secundario fueron las náuseas (11,43 %). Conclusiones: los pacientes tratados con ketamina experimentaron mejor analgesia que el grupo control. La ketamina representa una opción para el dolor en quien no responde al tratamiento convencional con opioides. Los efectos adversos pueden ser un limitante para su aplicación en algunos pacientes.

ABSTRACT Background: cancer pain remains difficult to treat, especially when the patient is resistant to opioids. More and more alternatives are being sought to counteract and improve the symptoms caused by the disease. One of them is ketamine, which acts as an antagonist of NMDA receptors that are associated in response to pain. Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of the analgesic response to cancer pain with the intranasal administration of ketamine as an adjuvant in pharmacological treatment. Methods: research carried out in Ecuador pain clinic. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cohort study was conducted. 142 participants were included. Two treatments were administered: intranasal ketamine and placebo, which were used in combination with morphine. Participants received periodic visual analog pain scale assessments for three consecutive days. Results: the mean age was 69.11 ± 9.77 years. The pancreatic head tumor (44.37%) was the most frequently carcinoma. There were significant differences between administered treatments, clinical aspects and pain (p < 0.05). The patients who were treated with ketamine had a more relevant analgesic effect than the patients who received the placebo. The main side effect was nausea (11.43%). Conclusions: patients treated with ketamine experienced better analgesia than the control group. Ketamine represents an option for pain in those who do not respond to conventional opioid treatment. Adverse effects may limit its application in some patients.

Simulación de dosis absorbida en terapia molecular mediante método de Montecarlo utilizando software libre GEANT4: GATE

RESUMEN Fundamento: aún no existe una forma óptima para determinar la dosis absorbida por los tumores; este desconocimiento es la causa de que la dosis final del tratamiento sea impredecible. Por esta causa los pacientes pueden estar recibiendo dosis mayores que las mínimas requeridas para su correcto diagnóstico. Objetivo: crear un código fuente para un proyecto de aplicación del programa GATE en la simulación de la dosis absorbida en radioterapia molecular, por método Montecarlo, para un maniquí de Giap. Métodos: se realizó la simulación por método de Montecarlo a partir de modelar el maniquí de Giap, mediante la plataforma de simulación GATE. Se compararon los resultados obtenidos con la información reflejada en la bibliografía sobre las mejores prácticas estandarizadas. Resultados: se confeccionó un código fuente implementado en GATE para la determinación de la dosis absorbida en radioterapia molecular. Se obtuvo distribución no uniforme de dosis en un medio de actividad uniforme y un 2 % de incertidumbre aproximado (en buena correspondencia con los valores reportados en la literatura), los resultados permiten afirmar que la simulación de dosis por medio de la plataforma GATE es confiable, de poco gasto computacional y altamente recomendable. Conclusiones: es recomendable utilizar la plataforma GATE para la simulación del cálculo de la dosis absorbida por ser rápida, de bajo costo computacional y confiable.

ABSTRACT Background: there is still no optimal way to determine the dose absorbed by tumors; this lack of knowledge is the reason why the final dose of treatment is unpredictable. For this reason, patients may be receiving doses greater than the minimum required for their correct diagnosis. Objective: to create a source code for an application project of the GATE program in the simulation of absorbed dose in molecular radiotherapy, by Monte Carlo method, for a Giap phantom. Methods: the simulation was carried out by the Montecarlo method from modeling the Giap phantom, using the GATE simulation platform. The results obtained were compared with the information reflected in the bibliography on standardized best practices. Results: a source code implemented in GATE was prepared for the determination of the absorbed dose in molecular radiotherapy. Non-uniform distribution of doses was obtained in a medium with uniform activity and an approximate 2% uncertainty (in correspondence with the values reported in the literature), the results allow to affirm that the dose simulation through the GATE platform is reliable, of little computational expense and highly recommended. Conclusions: it is advisable to use the GATE platform for the simulation of the calculation of the absorbed dose because it is fast, of low computational cost and reliable.